Written examination: x.x.2026. Retake 1: x.x.2026. Retake 2: x.x.2026.
Time and place
Spring Semester 2026 20.01.2026 - 28.4.2026
The practical exercises included in the study course are done in a controlled schedule and order in the campus training facilities. Tasks and exercises other than on-the-job training cannot be done under the supervision of working life.
Description
Learner's time use and workload
Theory 2 ECTS:
Lectures and presentation 24-28 h and written exam 2 h. Individual study 30 h.
Independent tasks 2 ECTS:
Presentation preparation 10 h
Accessibility survey and 2 other written tasks 44 h
Clinical skills development 1 ECTS:
Practicals 14 h, 2x2h "grand rounds" at the clinic, independent preparation 9h
Total 135 h
Teaching methods
Interactive lectures
Guided practicals and assignments
Individual or group assignment
The tasks and MATERIALS prepared by the teacher are covered by copyright law (Tekijänoikeuslaki 404/61), which guarantees the ownership of these materials to the teacher. Tasks and MATERIALS are not permitted to be used for purposes other than for individual studying. Dissemination of these materials is only allowed with the permission given by the teacher.
Lecture notes, articles
Web-source: Näkövammaisten liitto ry (Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired): www.nkl.fi(Opens in a new tab)
Suggested literature:
Primary Care Optometry (5th Ed.) : Ch 17- Age-Related Vision Problems, pages 404-415, Ch 18- Age-Related Vision Loss pages 416-434, Ch 19- Care of the Vision-Impaired Patient pages 435-455.
Borish´s Clinical Refraction (2nd Ed. or newer) : Ch 35- The Elderly, pages 1571-1590, Ch 36- Patients with Low Vision pages 1591-1618.
Jane Macnaughton (2005): Low Vision Assessment. Ch 3- Adapting the eye examination for the visually impaired, pages 32-76. Ch 4 Determining and prescribing magnification, pages 77-98. Ch 7- Additional strategies and non-optical methods for improving visual performance, pages 154-170.
Riitta Lahtinen, Russ Palmer & Merja Lahtinen (2009) Aisti kuvailu (in English the same book: Environmental description for visually and dual sensory impaired people, 2010).
K M Saari (Ed.) (2011) : Silmätautioppi Ophthalmology (11th Ed.), Ch 24- Näkövammaisten kuntoutus, apuvälineet ja sosiaaliturva, pages 486-510. Appendix: Näkövammasta johtuva haittaluokitus pages 514-520.
Käppi, Anni; Laitala, Jenna (2009). Heikkonäköisen kuntoutuspolku Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiirin alueella. Opinnäytetyö. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-200912178230(Opens in a new tab)
Frigård, Katri; Dromberg, Elisa; Ojala, Maria (2016). Kun lasit eivät riitä : Opas heikkonäköisten apuvälinesovitukseen. Opinnäytetyö. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-201604214732(Opens in a new tab) https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/107133(Opens in a new tab)
Aaltonen, Laura; Itkonen, Jenni; Kemppinen, Emma (2015). Väliinputoajat : opas alentuneen näöntarkkuuden huomioimiseen optikkoliikkeessä. Opinnäytetyö. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-201504234872(Opens in a new tab)
Practical Low Vision. Essilor Academy Europe 2013. http://www.essiloracademy.eu/en/publications/ophthalmic-optics-files(Opens in a new tab)
Ageing-review Optometry Today CET (2003) parts 1 ageing, definition; 2 examining, 3 visual function, 4 ant segm; 5 contact lenses, 7-17 ocular and general disorders in the aged population (cataract, post segm, amd, syst diseases causing ophthalmic manifestations 1&2)
If a student has a decision on special support arrangements affecting the course the student needs to contact the teacher in charge right after enrollment period.
Those enrolling through Open UAS: a completed optician or optometrist degree is required for entering the realization.
Instructions on the use of artificial intelligence during the course are given separately. Students should familiarise themselves with Metropolia's AI guidelines and follow them in their study attainments.
Part of the teaching may be conducted in English.
DETAILED CONTENT
Defining low vision and blindness:
Disorder, impairment, disability and handicap
WHO definitions
Evaluation of handicap for legal purposes (haittaluokat)
Low vision: Incidence and causes, prevalence
Measuring visual performance:
Acuity and contrast sensitivity
Glare and its effects
Reading
Methods of magnification:
Increasing object size
Decreasing viewing distance
Real image magnification
Telescopic magnification
Non-optical aids
Illumination and lighting
Aids for peripheral visual field
Eccentric viewing and steady eye strategy
Environmental modification and accessibility
Electronic devices and applications to aid vision
Ageing effects on vision and functioning:
Physiological changes - general and ocular physiology and functioning
Changes in vision
Visual acuity
Contrast sensitivity
Refractive error
Colour vision
Spectral transmission of the ocular media
Light sensitivity
Glare (disability and discomfort)
Dark adaptation, glare recovery
Visual fields
Critical flicker fusion frequency
Accommodation and convergence
Oculomotor system
Changes in perceptual function (non-visual) associated with ageing
Hearing
Coordination
Cognition
Social status
Clinical procedures and tests identifying changes in vision function of the ageing patient
Psychological effects of vision loss and management of patients with poor visual prognosis
Clinical management of ageing patients with multisensory loss
Assessment of the need for referral and consultation with other disciplines