Biofuels

-Current fuels landscape / state of art: fuels today (liquid, solid, gaseous, applications, sustainability, fuel properties/standards, emissions), oil refinery vs. biofuels production. -Introduction to biofuels: common types of biofuels, sustainability and environmental benefits, applications, biofuel properties. -Biomass chemistry: Components of biomass (lignocellulose, fats and lipids, sugars), key reactions, chemistry of biomass conversion and catalysis. -Biofuel processes: general overview of production processes, platform chemicals derived from biomass and their transformation into fuels and products. -Biomass monomer production and pre-treatment: methods, sugar conversion to ethanol, non-sugar monomers derived from lignin and conversion to products, triglyceride upgrading (FAME, HDO). Processes, product properties and applications. -Gasification: Fundamentals of gasification process (chemistry, reaction pathways), types of reactors, gas conditioning processes and products. -Production and applications of Synthesis gas/Syngas: Core reactions and pathways for syngas generation, hydrogen production and its significance, methanol process, Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (reactions and products, catalysts, reactors). -Bio-oils production and upgrading: introduction to biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction, typical products and their properties, reactors and processes, upgrading of bio-oil (hydrotreating and other techniques).