Essentials of Toxicology

Principles of Toxicology (Ch. 2)
Fundamental concepts of toxicology, including dose--response relationships, exposure routes, time--response characteristics, and the factors influencing toxicity.

Mechanisms of Toxicology (Ch. 3)
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying toxic responses, including xenobiotic metabolism, reactive intermediates, oxidative stress, and biochemical pathways of injury and repair.

Risk Assessment (Ch. 4)
Principles and methodology of toxicological risk assessment, including hazard identification, dose--response evaluation, exposure assessment, and risk characterization.

Chemical Carcinogenesis (Ch. 8)
Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis, including genotoxic and epigenetic processes, stages of cancer development, and experimental and epidemiological evidence.

Genetic Toxicology (Ch. 9)
Effects of chemicals on genetic material, mechanisms of DNA damage and repair, mutagenicity testing methods, and implications for human health.

Developmental Toxicology (Ch. 10)
Principles of developmental and reproductive toxicity, including teratogenic mechanisms, critical periods of susceptibility, and testing strategies for embryotoxicity.

Toxic Responses of the Liver (Ch. 13)
Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, metabolic activation, reactive intermediates, patterns of liver injury, and biomarkers of hepatic dysfunction.

Toxic Responses of the Kidney (Ch. 14)
Renal handling of xenobiotics, mechanisms of nephrotoxicity, biomarkers of renal injury, and susceptibility factors.

Toxic Responses of the Nervous System (Ch. 16)
Neurotoxic mechanisms, including neuronal and glial targets, neurotransmitter alterations, oxidative injury, and behavioral manifestations of neurotoxicity.

Toxic Responses of the Reproductive System (Ch. 21)
Mechanisms of toxicity affecting male and female reproductive systems, hormonal disruption, fertility effects, and methods for reproductive toxicity testing.

Toxic Effects of Pesticides (Ch. 22)
Chemical classes and mechanisms of pesticide toxicity, acute and chronic effects, and environmental and occupational exposure concerns.

Toxic Effects of Metals (Ch. 23)
Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of metals, target-organ effects, mechanisms of metal-induced oxidative stress, and principles of chelation therapy.

Toxic Effects of Solvents and Vapors (Ch. 24)
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity of common organic solvents and vapors, including CNS and hepatic effects and exposure control strategies.